sleep ( 1 ) # Add a 1 second pause to reduce flickering. ![]() # Everything else dies or stays dead: 85. # Dead cells with 3 neighbors become alive: 82. elif cells = DEAD and numNeighbors = 3 : 81. ![]() # Living cells with 2 or 3 neighbors stay alive: 79. if cells = ALIVE and ( numNeighbors = 2 77. # Set cell based on Conway's Game of Life rules: 76. numNeighbors = 1 # Bottom-right neighbor is alive. numNeighbors = 1 # Bottom neighbor is alive. numNeighbors = 1 # Bottom-left neighbor is alive. numNeighbors = 1 # Right neighbor is alive. numNeighbors = 1 # Left neighbor is alive. numNeighbors = 1 # Top-right neighbor is alive. numNeighbors = 1 # Top neighbor is alive. numNeighbors = 1 # Top-left neighbor is alive. # Count the number of living neighbors: 57. # Get the neighboring coordinates of (x, y), even if they 50. # Calculate the next step's cells based on current step's cells: 47. print () # Print a newline at the end of the row. print ( cells, end = '' ) # Print the # or space. print ( ' \n ' * 50 ) # Separate each step with newlines. # Each iteration of this loop is a step of the simulation. # 50/50 chance for starting cells being alive or dead. for y in range ( HEIGHT ): # Loop over every possible row. for x in range ( WIDTH ): # Loop over every possible column. # Put random dead and alive cells into nextCells: 25. # Their keys are (x, y) tuples and their values are one of the ALIVE 22. # The cells and nextCells are dictionaries for the state of the game. # (!) Try changing ALIVE to '|' and DEAD to '-'. DEAD = ' ' # The character representing a dead cell. # (!) Try changing DEAD to '.' or another character: 16. ALIVE = 'O' # The character representing a living cell. # (!) Try changing ALIVE to '#' or another character: 14. ![]() HEIGHT = 20 # The height of the cell grid. The classic cellular automata simulation. """Conway's Game of Life, by Al Sweigart 2. The cells variable’s dictionary represents the current state of the cells, while nextCells stores the dictionary for the cells in the next step in the simulation.ġ. Lines 40 to 44 are set up to print a representation of these dictionaries onto the screen. Both dictionaries have (x, y) tuples for keys (where x and y are integers), 'O' for living cells, and ' ' for dead cells. The state of the cells is stored in dictionaries in the cells and nextCells variables. When you run conwaysgameoflife.py, the output will look like this: O O OO O O More information about Conway’s Game of Life can be found at, and more information about Martin Gardner at. Tragically, Professor Conway passed away of complications from COVID-19 in April 2020. There is a large body of research regarding the patterns that these simple rules produce. The cells don’t “remember” any older states. ![]() The living or dead state of the cells in the next step of the simulation depends entirely on their current state.
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